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陈立敏,侯再平(2012): 融入技术附加值的国际竞争力评价方法: 基于电子通讯设备产业的实证分析

时间:2019-07-08浏览次数:

[摘要] 鉴于即使属于同一个产业,产业内各贸易品的技术附加值也有显著不同,本文认为单纯使用以贸易规模为基础的评价指标,会高估以偏低技术含量产品为主的特定国家某产业国际竞争力,并低估以高技术含量产品为主的特定国家某产业国际竞争力。因此,本文引入显示性技术附加值RTV方法,对电子通讯设备制造业内各贸易品进行测算,发现三个子产业中集成电路和电子元器件的技术附加值最高,而中国的竞争劣势恰在这一子产业。因此,虽然RCACA指标显示中国电子通讯设备产业整体的国际竞争力迅速增强、已经超过美日等世界强国,然而融入了技术附加值的产业技术高度水平指标TL表明,该产业的国际竞争力并没这么理想,且产业内长期处于进口高技术含量产品、出口低技术含量产品的技术逆差状态,国际竞争力仍与美国、日本、新加坡等国家存在较大差距。本文认为,以进出口规模为基础的RCACA指标是在评价产业国际竞争力的,而融入了技术附加值的TL出口TL净出口指标是在评价产业国际竞争力的,后者能比前者更加精准地衡量真实的产业国际竞争力水平。

[关键词] 产业国际竞争力  显示性技术附加值  “的评价  “的评价  电子及通讯设备制造业

 

RTV Method in Measurement of International Competitiveness:

With Evidence from Electronic and Communications Equipment Industry

CHEN Li-min, HOU Zai-ping

Abstract: Given the fact that the technology value-added of each commodity within an industry is significantly different, even they belong to the same hi-tech industry, we think that the indexes based on trade size will overvalue the competitiveness of the industry which consists of lower technology value-added products, and undervalue the competitiveness of the industry which consists of higher technology value-added products.

For this reason, our paper introduces Revealed Technological Value-added (RTV) method, and takes electronic and communications equipment industry as an example. After calculating technological value-added of each sub-classes for weight use, we identify different industrial Technology Level (TL) for six countries or region including China. By this way we find that the international competitiveness of China’s electronic and communications equipment industry is not so outstanding as trade size indexes show. In fact, it has been in a “technological deficit” status for a long period, which means China imports equipment with high technological value-added and exports equipment with low technological value-added. There is still a large gap between China’s international competitiveness and that of the U.S. and Japan.

By empirical results we hold that RCA and CA indexes which base on import & export size measure competitiveness from "quantity" aspect, TL(export) and TL(net export) which integrate RTV measure competitiveness from "quality" aspect. The latter method could value industrial international competitiveness more accurately.

Keywords: industrial international competitiveness; revealed technological value-added; measurement by quality; measurement by quantity; electronic and communications equipment.

 

(该论文发表于武汉大学奖励期刊《中国工业经济》2012年第3期。)

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