内容提要：和国际竞争力评价体系的多层次性不同，出口竞争力的评价相对简单，因此用出口竞争力来指代国际竞争力会出现一些偏误，例如内需大国的国际竞争力被低估，加工贸易的国际竞争力被高估等。1990-2008年中国制造业七个种类的对比实证分析表明，各子产业的出口竞争力和国际竞争力不仅存在变化趋势差异，而且对制造业整体相应竞争力的构成贡献度不同。另一方面，相关回归分析及面板模型分析证明两种竞争力具有较强的正联系。这两方面经验分析的结果说明：出口优势的增大有利于但并不一定等于产业国际竞争力的增强，同理出口优势的减小也不意味着产业国际竞争力的必然减弱，国内市场规模大的国家尤其如此。因此应同等重视中国制造的内需和外需市场，因为大国国内市场占有率的提高同样显示了产业国际竞争力的提升，它和国际市场份额提高一样，都是产业国际竞争力提升的重要途径。

关键词：国际竞争力  出口竞争力  中国制造业  对比分析

Is international competitiveness equal to export competitiveness?

A parallel study based on China manufacturing

CHEN Li-min

Abstract: Unlike the multi-level system of international competitiveness measurement, export competitiveness is relatively simple to measure. So some errors will appear if we indicate international competitiveness with export competitiveness: The international competitiveness of countries with large domestic demand will be underestimated, and the international competitiveness of processing trade will be overstated, etc. Parallel studies of seven categories of China manufacturing during 1990-2008 show that each has trend discrepancy between export competitiveness and international competitiveness, and their contributions to corresponding competitiveness of whole manufacturing are different. On the other hand, correlation study, regression study and panel study verify that there is a positive relation between the two kinds of competitiveness. Implications from these two empirical studies are as follows: Export advantage does good to but does not surely mean enhancement of industrial international competitiveness, likewise, export disadvantage does not surely bring diminishing of international competitiveness. This phenomenon is especially evident in countries with large-scale domestic demand. So China’s domestic market and foreign market should be attached equal importance, since increasement of domestic market share also indicates improvement of international competitiveness. Increasement of domestic and foreign market share are both crucial approaches to industrial international competitiveness.

Key words: international competitiveness, export competitiveness, China manufacturing, parallel study.

（该论文发表于武汉大学重要期刊《世界经济研究》2010年第12期。）